Telegraph-transmitter.



No. 828,206. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

A. C. GREHORE & G. O. SQUIER.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER. APPLICATION FILED APR}. 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

GEM @refim 3%{. 7M Zittorneg gemge (9. squiw.

No. 823,206. PATENTBD JUNE 12, 1906. A. 0. GREHORB & G. 0. SQUIER.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED APR; 8. 1901.

6 SHEETSSHEET 2.

No. 823,206. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

A. O. GREHORB & G. O. SQUIER.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED APRJB. 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

gnvento rs ,Qltforneg No. 823,206 PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906 A; G. GREHORE & G. 0. SQUIER.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER. Arrliloulon FILED APR.8,.1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ji ttornes No. 823,206. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906. A. c. CREHORE &'G. 0. SQUIER.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED APILB. 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

wanna.-

N0. 823,206. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1 906 A. O. GREHOREG: G. 0. SQUIER.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED APILS. 1901.

, 6 SHEETS-SHEET s.

FEFEL ,Juvmfor! I 6615M aerz uwe Witmsses: 2% a a signal to be transmitted, by the simple deor lever. The pulsations so impressed may UNITED srarns PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT CUSl'llNG OREHORE, OF TARRYTOWN, NEW YORK, AND GEORGE OWEN SQUIER, OF WASHINGTON, DISTltlCT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNORS TO THE OREHORE-SQUIER INTELLlGENOE TRANSMISSION COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

TELEGRAPH-TRANSMITTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Eatenteci June 12, 1906.

Application filed April 8,1901. Serial No. 54,917.

1'0 11 77 who-1w it may concern:

Be it known that we, ALBERT CUSHING (lnnnonn, a resident of Tarrytown, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, and Gnonen OWEN SQUIER, a resident of Washington, District of Columbia, citizens of the United States, have-invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph- Transmitters, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to telegraphic transmitting apparatus, and isdesigned to aiiord a convenient and effective means whereby the pulsations or semicycles of electromotive force from a dynamo-machine or other suitable generator may be impressed upon an e ectric circuit, in any desiredorder or time relation and according to the character or ression or o eration of a hand or fine-er kev be all of one sign-namely, all positive or all negative-or they may be of both signsthat is to say, some positive and some negative the order or sequence as to time and to sign or polarity being controlled by the action of the device setinto operation by the depression of the key. 3

By pulsations oi electromot-ive force we mean an clectromotive force which rises and falls in a gradual manner to and from zero or from zero to a maximum and back to Zero in a manner which would be graphically expressed as a wave, and preferably We employ a generator which will produce sine waves or, pulsations oi sine-wave form, though We do not limit ourselvesto such form of pulsation and include by the term any variation in the form of wave of electromotive force produced either by a dynamo-machine originating the electromotive forces of varying potential or by a source of electromotive force of substaniially constant potential Whose value is varied by some externah means interposed between it and the circuit upon which the electromotive forces are to be impressed. 0rdinarily We prefer to employ a dynamo-electric generator of pulsating electroniotive force; It will be understood that the generator produces a succession oi the pulsations described and claimed an and that the flow of the same upon the circuit as to their time or order, or in the case of an alternating electromotive force, as to their'polarity, is controlled by the operation of the mechanism. 5 5 Briefly stated, our invention comprises a circuit make-and-break ring or disk, one or more, a rotating shaft or driver With which the said disk may be coupled by the operationrof its key, together with means for automatically uncoupling it When the signal or character has been transmitted, a generator of pulsating electromotive force mechanically or electrically connected with the drivershaft so that the disk and generator may be run in synchronism, and make-and-break spaces on the ring or disk of such length or extent as are suitable for impressing the pulsations of electromotive force upon the circuit singly or ingroups in the desired order or time relation.

In carryin out the invention We may use the make ano break disk or ring as the direct means for controlling the connection of the generator with the line, or we may 'use it as a means for controlling the operation of a transmitter-lever or circuit-closer, which shall in turn control the connection of the generator with the line.

Our invention consists also in the details and combinations of ap aratus hereinafter comprising, among other things, a special combination of pulsating generator, make-and-break rings and two keys operating, respectively, with said rings and acting one as a dot-key and the other as a daslnkey, so as to furnish an improved transmitter that may be substituted for the resent cable transmitter em loying two one adot and the other a ash key.

The circuit m ake-and-break ring maybe of any desired construction and controlled by the action of its ke in any desired manner; but for this part of the apparatus We prefer to employ the mechanism described in the patents of C. E. Yetman, No. 534,025, dated February 12, 1895, and No. 565,128, dated August 4, 1896. i

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the key j iechanism and transmittingring or makeand-b,reak ring controlled thereby, which we prefer to emeys,

' take,

ploy in carrying out our invention. Fi g. 2 is a diagram of the apparatus and circuits in one of the forms which our invention may the controlling-key and associated mechanism heing omitted. Fig. 3 illustrates the succession of pulsations which. would be impressed upon the circuit by the apparatus shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically a modification of the invention. wherein a circuit-reverser employed in place of the transniitter-lever shownin Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows a niodilicatiou of our invention wherein synchronism between the pulsa'ting-gc11erator and the inake-and-break ring or its drive-shaft is attained by the use of a synchronous motor. Fig. (3 shows a modification wherein the make-an lbreak ring is in the direct circuit with the alternating generator and wherein also the use of a commutator forthe dynamo is dispensed with. Fig. 7 illustrates the succession of pulses which would he sent by the use of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6 when the makeand-hreak ring has nnike-ai'idbreair spaces like those shown in Fig. 8. 9 illustrates diagrammatically another modilication of our invention adapted to send or impress a succession of pulsating electromotive forces like those shown in. Fig. 12. it) is a plan of the double make-and-hreak disk which would he used for this purpose in coinn-xction with the apparatus shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 showsa modification of the double makeand-break disk adapted to send a group of pulses such as illustrated in Fig. 12 when said. disk is employed in an organization such as illustrated. in Fig. 9. Fig. 13 is another modification showing how a common l'orm of transmitter may be utilized in the comhination. Fig. l t-illustrates our invention when adapted for use with the dot and dash keys of a cable-transmitter. Figs. 15 and u; illustrate another modification wherein two keys are used, one operating as the dot-key and the other as the dash-key. Fig. 1.7 shows the arrangement of ednducting spaces for the double ring used with the dot-key in Fig. 15, and Fig. 18 shows the arrangen'ient of conducting aces [or the double ring used with the dash- 'cy in Fig. 15.

1 indicates the make-a1\d-break or contact ring or disk mounted so as to he capable of revolution under the contact spring or brush 2, and to thereby make and break an electric circuit, including the ring and brush. 3 is a rotating shalt or driver kept in constant rotationhy any power and furnished on its peteeth or serrations adapted to engage with the serrated or toothed inner edge ol' the disk. 4 is the key by the depres sion of which the ring or disk is con led to the shaft or driver 3, and 5 inz'lic'atcs the pin which rotate with the disk and serve to operate the latch 6 as soon as the signal has been transmittr therehy freeing the key-lever ripliery with and the ring ordisk must he ceases and disconnecting the make-anrhbreak ring from its driving-shaft. As many of said disks may be provided as desired, each having its appropriate key-lever 4. Wh re each key-lever corresponds to a letter of the alphabet, a number of such disks would he provided corresponding to the number of charactors to be transmitted. This mechanism in its general form the same as that described inthe Yetman patent before referred to. The manner in which it is necessary to readjust and reproportion this device and to modify its parts and connections with the circuits for the purpose oi making it suitable for use in carrying out our present invention will be hereinafter more fully described. It is suliicicnt here to state that the relation or proportion of the teeth in the shaft or driver definitely related to one another and to the mechanical connec tions hetween the same and the dynamo, and, further, by so modifying it that the tooth of one shall he only fully seated in the notch of the other when the parts are in a definite phase relation; further, that the periphery of the wheel must he definitely laid oil into conducting and. non-ccnductiug soaccs definitely and systematically related to the other parts of the organization. The particular relations or proportions in the above respects will also he found to he modified according to the manner in which the device is connected up to thecircuits of the dynamo and to depend also upon the use or non-use of a supplemental lever. Our invention may, however, he applied to a transmitter having only two disks, one for. dots and the other for dashes, as will he hereinafter described. It will also he understood that other neans may be employed for coupli ng the make-and-hreak disks with a driver upon the depression of a key, andother mechanisms employed for an? tomatically freeing it from its driver and for keeping it coupled thereto until the character or signal has been transmitted.

Referring to the diagram Fig. 2, the two generator coils'or halves of generator-coil for a two-pole dynamo are indicated by the nu,' merals 7'. 8 indicates the two halves of a commutator to which said coils are respectivelv connected, and 9 the commutatorbrushes, which are connected, respectively, with the contact posts or termina s 10 of a transmitter-lever, the lever itself being connected to earth or to line 50 and being controlled as to its position by the action of the make-and-break ring 1 when rotated so as to make and break a circuit 11, which includes the coils of a magnet 12, operating on the transmitter-lever in opposition toa retractors ring. 13 is a continuous collector-ring on the same shaft with the commutator of the dynamo and is connected to the generator coil or coils 7, as shown, so as to complete, through the collector-brush hearingon said ring, the circuit from said coil to line or earth. The ,dynamoheing in constant rotation will supply to the terminals 10 of the transmitter a series of pulsations or waves of electronictive force which will be positive for one terminal or post -to wit, that which is normally open-and negative for the other terminal or post-to wit, that on which the lever norma ly closes the connection by the operation of its retractor. The dynamo is properly connected .with the drivershaft 3 in any suit able manner, so that they shall revolve in synalphabet is repeated three times in t eriphery of the disk. The Whole circumferenoe ma be conceived of as divided into forty-eig t unit-spaces, each re resenting one pulsation of electromotive orce, and hence each segment or sector in which one character is embraced will comprehend siX teen of said unit-spaces transmitted over the circuit, or, in other words, the dynamo should generate twenty-four Whole Waves or fortyelght semiwaves during the time that the disk is making a whole revolution under its contact-brush. To produce this effect, there should be thirty-six teeth in the pinion or serrated periphery of the shaft 3 and fortyeight teeth on the inside of the ring. hen the dynamo is-geared to the shaft 3 and the gearing between said shaft and the ring is provided in the manner shown, it will be obvious that during the time that the ring makes a third-of a revolution, which will occur Whenever the key 4 is depressed, the dynamo Will supply sixteen pulsations of electromotive force of negative sign and s xteen of positive sign. So long as the lever of the transmitter is on its back-stop the pulsation passing to line will be of negative sign only; ut if during the interval of time covered by any pulsation or pulsations the local circuit 11 be closed. by the make-and-break disk, there will be substituted upon the circuit or iine controlled by the transmitter positive pulses, pwing to the fact that during the unit interval or intervals of a single pulsation or number ofpulsations the inagnet 12 will hold the iever-against the stop, which is connected to the dynamo-brush, supplying positive pulses. By properly disposing the conduct mg and insulating spaces on the ring and by making each of the proper length it is obvious that individual pulsations of electromotivc orces, positive and negative in any desired order, iiiay be impressed upon the circuit.

The area producedby rotation of the disk onethird of its circumference is shown in Fig. 3. During its rotation over the first four unit-spaces the brush 2-remains on insulation and the transmitter-lever remains on its back contact, so that negative pulses, four in number, flow to line. The first conducting-space encountered by the brush covers three unit-spaces, so that during the generation of three pulses by the dynamo the transmitter-lever will be connected to the positive brush and disconnected from the negative throughthe action 'of the magnet 12, and there will flow upon the line three positive pulses corresponding to the dash forming the first signal for the letter B. The closureof the circuit on thefirst conducting-space of the ring is timed to take place at or about the Zero of clcctromotive force dcveloped in the dynamo-that is to say, at a point between the two succeeding Waves of elect'romotive force coincidently with which the magnet 12 closes the circuit to the positive brush oi the dynamo, so that the current from said brush will begin to flow at or about the beginning of the pulse. In order to time the action of the transmitter-lever so that it shall close circuit at the proper instant, the brush 2 maybe made adjustable around the periphery of the disk; After the transmission of the three positive pulses over the front contacts of the transmitter the brush 2 encounters insulation equal td one unit-space, so that the transmitter-lever falls against its back contact and a negative pulse will go to line, such pulsebeing in the nature of a clearing-out pulse, which is desirablein some systems of telegraphy. The three following conducting-spaces on the. disk each cause one positive pulse each corresponding to a dot to be transmitted, and the two intervening insulating-spaces, each of unit length, send the negative or clearing-out pulse in obvious manner, while the last insulating-space encountered by the brush before it comes to rest causes three or more negative pulses to be sent to line, forming clearing-out and space pulses. It is obvious that the number of negative pulses at the beginning and the end of the movement of the disk attending the transmission of one charactermay be of any desired number and that the number before and after the transmission of the group formin the dash and three dots may be relatively diderent irom the number indicated. The number transmittedbefore the dash begins afi'ords time for the teeth of the shaft and ring to become fully engaged "before the brush reaches the conducting-space, thus insuring that the dynamo and the ring shall not be out of phase when the transmission of the character begins through the operation or" the transmitter-lever. This preliminary or preparing insulating-space is provided in all cases and maybe 01' greater or less length that is to say, it embraces the period of PI'QP'.

. or maybe transmitted but once for a whole revolution.

. in Fig. 2.

In a complete keyboard-transmitter the conducting and insulating spaces of each disk would be made to correspond to the character to be transmitted by its con-- trolling-key in obvious manner. it will also be obvious that the dynamo might be on the same shaft as the shaft carryin the pinion which engages with the inside the ring or disk, but that it should in such case, when the disk or ring is spaced, as shown, he a forty-eightpole dynamo.

In the modification shown inv Fig. 41 a two- Jpole d iamo is indicated having a coil '7 connecte to a commutator oi the ordinary description, but without any division or duplication of coils, such as is elfected by the use of the collector-ring 13, connected as shown In this instance the iin e and earth are connected, respectively, to the two insulated parts of a pole-changing transmitterlcver, and the four contacts of the latter are connected to the dynamo-brushes, as indicated. In the normal position of the lever the negative brush of the dynamo is to line and the positive to earth, so that the coil. 7 will supply to the line negative pulsations; but when the position of the lever is changed by the action of the transmitter-disk, operating through the magnet 12, the line will be connected to the positive brush-and positive pulsations will go to, line in definite number corresponding to the number oi unit-spaces revered by the conducting portion of the disk, which, for the time being, passes under the brush. The gearing of the dynamo to the operating-shaft or the disk may have a *reduction ratio of eighteen to one or any other proper ratio.

Fig. 5 is a modification illustrating the use of a synchronous motor for obtaining synchronism of the pulsating generator and the shaft which drives the ring or rings of the apparatus. The synchronous motor is typified in a magnet 15, whose pole is presented to a ing of eighteen permanent magnets, each having a positive and negative pole and mounted on the shaft 3 so as to rotate therewith and be presented in succession to the pole of the magnet 15. The pulsating generator is shown as a ten-pole generator and as provided with a commutator, each half of which has ten teeth or segments engaged by the brushes 9 in succession in the usual man- H1 at one of said brushes will aliord a .dash is transmitted by a positive seas-co succession of positive pulsations, and the other a succession of negative pulsations of clectromotive torce to the terminals of the polo-changing transmitter. The synchronous motor is supplied 'with. alternating current directly irom the generator, as clearly shown in the diagram, the clectromotivc force being controlled by the adjustable impedance-coil Z for regulation purposes. The pinion of the shaft 3 and the inside of the ring or disk 1 are provided, r spectively, with thirty-six and hirtydiight teeth, or in any other proportion, the number of teeth on the pinion when directl y coupled to the motor boing equal to the number oi poles oil the motor.

Figs. 6 and 8 illustrate a mmliiicat'ion in which the make and break ring or disk is included in a direct circuit with the dynamo generator and line. The dynamo no commutator, but is provided with the usual collectm-ririgs 13 13" to permit the altornating clectromotive force to be taken directly from the dynamo. As shown in the diagram.

rings l3 has its brush con- Fig. 6, one of said 7 ncctod to the brush 5! of the Inakc-and-brcak ring, while the other collector i3 is connect ed to line. [is will be obvious to electricians, the collector-rings would not be necessary it the gei'ierator were one in which the generating-coils or parts ar stationary. in this arrraugement one teeth of the pinion or gear on the driver-shaft 3 should correspond to one or more complete waves of electremotive force developed in the gcnerator that is to say, to a complete cycle of electromotive force comprising two semiciycles, one positive and the other negative. The generatoncoil indicated is that for a two-pole dynamo, and the arinature-shalt is geared to shaft 3 by a reducing-gear lowing a ratio of twenty-four to one. 'lhere are pinion or gear on shaft 3 and thirty-two teeth on the inside ol the ring 1. Each movement of the ring when set into operation bv the key prel'erably, before, embraces oi covers sixteen unit-spaces on is periphery,

twenty-tour teeth in the each space corresponding to a half-wave or semicyclc oi" the clectromotive Force and the sixteen together embracing eight whole waves of electroinotivc force as developed by the grnerator.

The diagram Fig. 7 illustrates the order of transmission oi pulses, positive and negative, sometimes used in cable tclegraphy for transmitting the letter B, and the makeand-break ring or disk in Fig. 2% shows in side view the corresponding arrangement of condueting and insulating spaceir'that would be used on the edge of the saure'tor the purpose of transmitting said character B. The

' pulse followed by a blank. space oi no transmission of current caused by the presence ol' insulation und or the contact-brush 2, alter which comes a negative or clcaringout pulse produced by a conducting-space which engages said brush 2. The previous insulating-space which follows the positive pulse is n a le equivalent to two pulses-namely, the negative pulse following the first positive pulse and the succeeding or next positive pulse. In this method of transmission the dash at the receiving end is produced by the prolongation of the charge of the cable resulting from the the negative pulse forming the clearing-out pulse is transmitted. The transmittingbrush remains on metal, as indicated, for six more unit-spaces after a a t which sends said clearing-out pulse, thereby sending single positive pulses, three in number, one for each dot of the character, followed each by a negative or clearing-out pulse, after which and forthe remainder of the movement of the disk to position of rest thebrush remains on insulation, thus cutting ofi the dynamo from line. At the beginning of a new movement the brush rests on insulation until the parts are geared in full phase and then begins to transmit the character in the manner just described by reaching the contact portion of the ring just as the generator begins to generate a whole wave of electromotive force, starting with positive potential. As will be obvious the arrangement iends itself to the transmission of other characters, according to the arrangement of the conducting and insulating spaces on the edge of the disk, said spaces being so arranged in any case that the circuit shall be broken approximately at the zero of the current flowing from the dynamo.

Figs. 9 and 10 show another way of organizing the apparatus so as to dispense with the use of the transmitter-lever shown in Fig. 2 and yet to permit groups of pulsations of the same character as represented in Fig. 3 or of any other desired character to be transmitted directly. This is accomplished simply by placing the make-and-break ring in a direct circuit between the generator and the line, whereas a in the other instancesas, for instance, Figs. 2, i, 5, and 13-the transmission is effected by placing the rings in a local circuit which operates upon a transmitting lever or levers controlling the connection of the generator with the line. The make-and-break ring is a double or two-part ring whose parts are insulated from one another, as indicated in Fig. 10, which shows one-third of the periphery of the ring projected on the plane of thrpaper or enough for one transmission and embracing sixteen pulsations or units. The two rings operate mechanically as one; but each has its own transmitter-brush 2, one of which is connected to the positive brush or portion of the generator which aii'ords the positive,

ous collector-ring 13 and the two rings to earth, or vice versa. The disposition of the conducting and insulating spaces necessary to send directly to line the same series or grouping of pulsations, positive and negative, (indicated in Fig. 3,) is illustrated in hi 10 and by comparison with said Fi 3 wil be 1 found self-explanatory. As w'ill be obvious,

at the same time on their respective halves of the make-and-break rings or disks the circuit of the line will be broken and no pulsations of electromotive force will be applied thereto.

Fig. 11 shows the double ring with conducting and insulating apaces arranged to effeet a transmission use and such as indicate f. in Fig. 12that is to say, a single whole negative pulsation followed imn iediately by a series of three connected positive pulsations and no current for the balance of the sixteen unit spaces or periods before and after the four conductingspaces.

Fig. 13 shows a modification of the invention in which a pole-changing-transmitter device of common form having two independently-operable transmitterlevers instead of i one is employed. The two levers are operaated by two independent magnets 12 12, thus requiring the use of two make-andbreak rings or acompound or divided ring like that indicated in Fig. 10. It will be understood that in this case, as in the case of the arrangement shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the two rings are preferably operated as one in response to the action of a single key. The two separate transmitter-levers 20 and 20 are connected, respectively, to earth and line, and both. normally rest on one of two bars or sets of connected contacts connected, say, to the portion of the generator affording the negative pulsation. Either maybe drawn to contact with a bar or set of contacts connected to the portion of the dynamo afl'ording positive pulsation by the magnets 12 12',

spectively, by the two halves or portions of the make-and-break ring. Normally the line is to earth. In sending a negative pulsation magnet 12 is excited over the circuit including its half of the make-and-break ring by having the contact-brush connected to it oncounter a conducting portion of the contactring, the length ol' which in unit spaces determines the number of negative pulsations that shall be sent to line from the generator. In sending a positive pulsation or pulsations iii-agnet i2 is operated from its half ol the t contact-ring l'or agrcatcror less length of time corresponding to the whole number of pulsations to be transmitted. When neither lever 3 is operated, which occurs when both brushes i of the mahe-axuLbrcak ring rest on insulation, no current goes to line. By proper disposition of the conducting and insulating i l l l in cable telegraphyv these latter being in circuits controlled, re-

l if both brushes are made to rest on insulation first positive pulse and which continues until i 7, and 12.

ceases spaces any order or arran ment ol pulsafollowed directly by a negative pulse for o tions, positive and negative, out be sent such, l or instance, as those shown in Figs. 3-, it will he innlerstoml that in this case and in the case ol' the arrangements of apparatus shown in Figs. 9 halves or portions ol' the inahe-anrl-breal ring are operated as one upon the (l1,ii')l' *.-;siuii ol the key.'

Fig.14showsdiagrammatieallyanarrangement uitable for use where the character composed as to its elementary signals by the operation in proper order or succession of two keys, one of which is the dot and the other the dash hey, as in those systems wherein a positive pulse or signal means a dash and a negative means a dot. In this case the complete transmittnn' apparatus would comprise merely two malt aunt-break rings or disks 1, each having its own controlkey 4 and each operable indcpemlently oi" the other. Each d lSli or ring might control the circuit of a transmitter which would govern the ap 'ilication ol the electron'iotive forces or pulsations of electromotive 'l'orce generated by the dy name or other a maratus to the line, as already described, or each might be included directly in the lin -circuit, as indis cated in the diagram Fig. One of said rings when momentarily coupled to the driving-sha'lt, and so made to run synchronously with the dynamo,would cause a positive pulse to be transmitted, while the other when operated by the depression oi" the soy would in a similar manner send a negative pulse. In the particular arrangement indicated in the diagram the dynan'io is supposed to be a UVO-Imlfi dynamo connected to the operating shaft of the two rings or disks by a gear hav-- ing a ratio ol eighteen to one or any other proper ratiov The brush oi one ring or dist: is connected to the part of the dynamo a l"- i ording positive pulses and the brush oi the other to the part allot-ding negative pulses. The two rings are connected to earth in the manner already described and as illustrated. in Fig. 9 and the dynamo to line through collector-ring 13, or vice versa. On each ring the cond ucting-space, which passes under the brush when the ring is set into operation, is of such length and so located as to transmit a V J, 0 single pulseand to make and break the err-- cuit a iproximatcly at the zero of the wave oi current. It will he understood that in this case the rotation ';;iermitted to the dish would be much sh: n in extent than is required in the instane: previously described and that the single onducting-space for each transmission might he repeated any desired number oi times in the ';')eripl'1ery of the disl; or ring.

Figs. 15 and H: illustrate further modifications of the dot and dash hey transmitter wherein the disk or ring, for the dot-hey is and 10 the two A clearing-out purposes and the disk or ring for the d ash-key is aoapted to send a positive pulse and then to stop the transmission of pulses for an interval, corresponding to two somicycles -that is, for the semicycle "forming a negative oil the first whole Wave together with the semicycle forming the positive of the next whole wave and after such iutervrd of no current to send a negative or elearingut pulse or semicycle. In Fig. 15 the ring or disk for each of the two keys is a twopart ring or disk of the same character as is illustrated in Fig. 10, and the two brushes for each eo mpound disk or ring are connected, respectively, to the portioi ot the generator affording; positive and negative pulsations. The dynamo may be geared to the drivingshaft of the ring by a gear having: a reduction ratio of eighteen to one, and the signal or transnn sien eli'ected hy this disk may he repeated any desired number of times in the circum'lerence ot the dish. The disks themselves will he connected to line or to earth and the dynamo to line or earth EllIOUgl'l the collector-ring;, il one he em floyed and as shown in the d iag ram. As indicated by the relative location of the conducting-spaces on the ring to the hrushes whicl'i are supposed to he in their normal position, the initial move merit of each ring; is unaccompanied by the action on the circuit; hut as soon as the gear" is in -lull engagement the transmission may begin, the dynamo and the ring; then being in ph: e and adapted to cause makes and breaks of circuit synchronous with the production of pulsations by the dynamo. I in, the modification illustrated in Fig. 16 thirdynamo food's alterimtiiu, electromotive forces to the ring. controlled by each key and each ring is sin-l In the ring; fei-r' the dot-hey the conducting-space is of site.

gle and has hut one brush.

length that the brush will impress upon the circuit a whole wave of electromotive forcethat is to say, a positive pulse followed innnediately by a negativewhile in the further movement of the ring to position of-rest the- .would pass over the conducting-space of proper length to send the nega he or clearingout pulse. By this arrangement it is obvious that the same order or sequence ol' pulses,

adapted to send for the dot a ositivr.. pulse 1 positive and negative, would he impressed saaaoe upon the circuit the same as in the case of the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 15.

Other modifications obviously may be made in the arrangement of the conducting and non-conducting spaces on the disk and in the manner of connection of said disk and brushes therefor with the circuits of the generator and in the circuits of the generator itself without departing from our invention.

What we claim as our invention is- 1. In a telegraphic transmitter the combination substantially as described of a makeandebreak ring, a drive-shaft therefor, means for coupling the ring and shaft at will, a gener'ator of ulsatin electromotive forces run ning sync onous y therewith and conducting and insulating spaces on said ring all com bined and proportioned as described to produce changes in the circuit of the ring synchronously with the production of the pulsa tions by said generator and to thereby impress upon the circuit pulsations of definite number and polarity. v

2. In a telegraphic transmitting apparatus the combination substantially as described of a make-and-break ring, a dr ve-shaft, a pulsating generator with which said drive-shaft is run in synchronism, a key for coupling the ring and shaft at will, means for automatically uncoupling the ring and shaft when the rin has moved to a predetermined extent an conducting and insulating spaces on the ring all combined and proportioned as described to cause makes and breaks of circuit in synchronism with the production of pulsations by the generator and to thereby impress upon the circuit pulsations of definite num ber and polarity.

3. In a telegraph transmitting apparatus, the combination of a circuit ma ring and breaking ring, a pulsating-current generator, a controllin key or lever and a clutch device controlled t ereby for connecting the generator and ring in definite phase 1: "ation and causing them to run in synchronism, all combinedhnd proportioned as described to permit the ring to impress definite whole pulsations of eleetromotive force positive and ne ative upon the circuit whenever the key is epressed.

4. In a telegraphic transmittin apparatus the combination substantially as described of a make-and-break ring, a drive-shaft, a coupling device adapted as described to connect the shaft and iin so that the ring will be in a definite hase re ation to a generator, a ke for coup ing the ring and shaft at will, a

u sating-current enerator running in synchronism with said drive-shaft and conducting and non-conductim spaces on the ring adapted to impress the pu sations of electromotive force upon the circuit in a predetermined order or time relation. j 5. The combination substantially as described of a generator of alternating electro motive force, a circuit make-and-break ring in the diiect circuit of the alternating pulsations, means for coupling said ring in definite phase relation with the alternations or pulsations produced by said generator and conducting and insulating spaces on said ring adapted to impress the alternating electromotive force upon the circuit as a series-of pulses of predetermined order or sequence as to time and as to sign or polarity.

6. Ina telegraphic transmitting apparatus the combination with a generator adapted to furnish two sets of pulsations positive and negative respectively, of a double or twopart make-and-brcak ring running in synchronism with said generator and having its parts included respectively in the circuit of. the positive and negative pulsations said rings being provided with conducting and non-conducting spaces arranged and combined as described to cause the pulsations to be impressed upon the-circuit as single pulsations or groups of pulsations and in predetermined order as to time and polarity.

7. In a telegraphic transmitting apparatus, a combination substantially as described of a pulsating-current generator furnishing two spectively, a double makeand-break ring having two rows of contacts in the circuit respectively of said pulsations, a controllingkey for coupling the same at will with a shaft running synchronously with the generator so that said ring may operate together in synchronism therewith, and make-andbreak spaces on said ring adapted to operate on the circuit synchronously with the production of the individual pulsation.

S. In a telegraphic transmittin apparatus the combination with a pole-changing-trans mitter device having two independently-operable circuit-closing levers, of a generator of pulsations of alternating electromotive force, electromagnets controlling the position, of said lever and a do-ible make-andbreak ring adapted to be rur in synchronism with said generator.

bination substantially as described of a make-and-break ring, a drive-shaft therefor, means for coupling the ring and shaft at will, and adjusted as described to secure a complete coupling of the rin andshaft when the parts are in definite phase relation to the generated alternating-current generator and conducting and insulating spaces on said ring adapted as described to produce chan es in the circuit of the ring synchronous y with the production of the pulsations by said generator.

10. In a telegraphic transmitting apparatus the OOIIIblDQIiAOD. substantially as described of a make-and-break ring, a driveshaft, an alternating-current generator with which said drive-shaft is run in synchronism,

sets of pulsations positive and negative re- 9. In a telegraphic transmitter the comadjusted as dose. ibed to cause iinalres and breaks of Clfl'lllh in ;-,:ynehrenisni with the production oi pulsations by the generator 11. In a telegraphic t iilnilllltblllg apparatus the combination substantially as described of a cireuit-make-a1mil-break rii'ig-included in the circuit of an alternatirig-current generator and adapted to be run in synchronisni with said generator, at eontrollil'ig key or lever for setting said ring: or disk into rotation in definite adjusted phase relation with the alternatingpcurrent generator at will, said ring being provided with conducting and non-eomlucting spaces adapted as described to make and break circuit in synchronisn'i with the production of the pulsating olectroniotive force and to lll'lPlOSS said electroniotive forces on the circuit either singly or in groups and in any desired order predetermined by the arrangement of the spaces.

12. In a telegraphic transmitting apparatus the combination substantially as described of a make-and-break ring, a driveshait, a key for coupling the saine with the shaft at Will, a coupling device controlled thereby and having its parts organized as described to bring the ring and shaft into full coupled relation when the parts are in definite phase relation to one another as set forth, an alternating-current generator running in synchronism with said drive-shaft and conducting and non-conducting spaces on the ring adapted to impress the pulsations of electroinotive force upon the circuit in a predetermined order or time relation.

Signed at New York, in the eounty of New York and State of New York, this 28th day of August, A. D. 1900. h

ALBERT- CUSHING CREIIORF.

GEORGE OWEN SQUIER. Witnesses:

D. H. DECKER,

E. L. LAWLER. 

